In order to discuss the limits of DM, we need to define it (Hutchin's
paper helps with this) and to think about other types of interfaces
with which we can compare it. Try to come up with one example of
a non-direct manipulation interface, and compare it's abilities and
limits to those of DM interfaces.
discussion of problems with Direct Manipulation (starts p. 336). I
also found the violin-piano example on p. 328 to be interesting. In
the Bowman & Hodges paper, think about the needs (and limitations) of
3D and VR interfaces with respect to direct manipulation. The
Neurosurgical Planning paper is a good "story" paper for direct
manipulation.
They will be available in a box outside of Gregory's door starting
today.
-jen
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The readings are:
Hutchins, E., Hollan, J., and Norman, D. "Direct Manipulation
Interfaces." in User Centered System Design, D. Norman and S.
Draper, eds., Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1986,
pp. 87-124.
Bowman, D. and Hodges, L. "An Evaluation of Techniques for Grabbing and
Manipulating Remote Objects in Immersive Virtual Environments." to appear
in Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, 1997.
and
Goble, J., Hinckley, K., Pausch, R., Snell, J., and Kassell, N.
"Two-Handed Spatial Interface Tools for Neurosurgical Planning."
IEEE Computer, vol. 28, no. 7, July 1995, pp. 20-26.
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For further reference, if you're interested, you might want to look
over the following additional papers (I'll have them available for
photocopying in my office):
Pausch, R. and Burnette, T. "Navigation and Locomotion in Virtual
Worlds via Flight into Hand-Held Miniatures", SIGGRAPH '95
Schneiderman, B. "Direct Manipulation: A Step Beyond Programming
Languages" Excerpted from IEEE Computer, August 1983, New York: IEEE
Computer Society